Recently in the course of my daily bible reading, I read Acts chapter 17. I was struck by what Paul and Silas in Thessalonica and Athens were preaching about.
The first hint is in verse 7, where they were accused of acting against the decrees of Caesar, saying that there is another king, Jesus. This suggests to me that they were preaching about the Kingdom of God.
Then in Athens, in the famous address to the Areopagus, as his hearers were trying to work out what Paul was talking about, Luke records that ‘Others said “He seems to be a preacher of foreign divinities” — because he was preaching Jesus and the resurrection’.
Lastly, in verse 30, Paul asserts that ‘The times of ignorance God overlooked, but now he commands all people everywhere to repent, because he has fixed a day on which he will judge the world in righteousness by a man whom he has appointed, and of this he has given assurance to all by raising him from the dead’.
So Paul was speaking about the Kingdom of God, the resurrection and the final judgement. And note that this preaching was not to the church, but to outsiders, to the unconverted if you like.
I have a very interesting book entitled ‘To Preach or Not to Preach: The Church’s Urgent Question’, by David Norrington.
The author argues that all preaching in The Acts of the Apostles was delivered to outsiders, as part of the evangelistic endeavour, and yes, he does deal effectively with possible exceptions. In New Testament times spiritual growth was achieved not by the use of the sermon, but by a variety of other means, all designed to help produce mature Christians in mature Christian communities. There is nothing to suggest that these means included the regular sermon. He calls for the abandonment of the regular sermon delivered to believers, and for it to be used as it was in Acts — to unbelievers in an evangelistic setting.
He makes the obvious point that: ‘while New Testament and extra-biblical records of these early meetings are sketchy, it is quite clear that first century believers were expected to be fully involved in all of the activities of the church. The practice of small-scale meetings in homes was ideally suited for such one-another ministry. One simply cannot find any support, either in the New Testament or in early church history for today’s professional clergy and specialized church buildings’.
By contrast, the ubiquitous sermon, delivered by a trained clergyman in a specialized church building most often acts as a deskilling agent. ‘By using the regular sermon the preacher proclaims each week, not in words, but in the clearest manner possible, that, be the congregation ever so gifted, there is present, for that period, one who is more gifted and all must attend in silence upon him (less often her). . . Sadly, competent preachers may create dependence more effectively than incompetent ones. This means, ironically, that in the long run competent sermons may be more damaging than indifferent ones!’
And then, these two devastating paragraphs, sheeted home to the practice of preaching: ‘Yet today, in spite of exceptions, the individual Christian is often excessively busy and unused to reflection, unskilled in prayer, more concerned with doing than becoming, lacking in understanding of the relevance of the faith to nearly all aspects of life, ignorant of the past, anti-intellectual, materialistic, welded to the secular thought of the day, timid in the face of social and political injustice, barely capable even of recognizing the enemies of God (or his friends), lacking in steady and forgiving love and deficient in the skills required to detect nonsense—a living monument denying the assertion of Jesus that ‘I came that they may have life and may have it abundantly.’ (John 10: 10 RV). As sociologist Jacques Ellul observes, far from being a model of freedom, most Christians are models of mediocre bondage, simultaneously the slaves of the latest fad and the ecclesiastical and humanistic traditions in which they were reared. The disastrous consequence is that the non-Christian world experiences little Christian influence in any area of thought and has little, if any, understanding of the essence of biblical Christianity.
Christianity is thus inexorably pushed to the margins of society. The end-product is social decay, a rise of unbelief, an increase in cults and non-Christian religions, depression and failure, among Christians, a tarnished reputation for the church as a whole and the wrath and the judgment of God.
And yet, there are even those who assert that preaching has a sacramental quality about it. ‘Preaching is not just a word about Christ; it is a word of Christ’. Uhh? ‘We are asked to believe that when the clergyman (our modern professional replacement for the plurality of elders in the New Testament church) in the dedicated church building (as opposed to in homes as was the practice in New Testament times) mounts the pulpit (that elevated fixture introduced in the 3rd century) and addresses a passive audience (who were not passive in the New Testament) or “laity” (a designation added long after New Testament times) in the pews (13th century addition) via the regular sermon (which did not exist in New Testament practice) then and only then is the event especially pleasing to God, who responds with a special, if not unique channel of his grace.’
I maintain, therefore, that sermons today should be delivered to the same sort of audience as they were in the first century — to unbelievers in an evangelistic context — and NOT to believers in a church setting.
Respected New Testament scholar Richard Hays, in ‘The Moral Vision of the New Testament’ affirms that the growth to maturity of the church has nothing to do with sermons. He puts it as well as anyone when he writes ‘Ephesians 4:1–5:20 presents a visionary description of the character of the reconciled community. The diverse gifts in the church have as their common purpose “to equip the saints for the work of ministry, for building up the body of Christ until all of us come to the unity of the faith and…to maturity, to the measure of the full stature of Christ” (4:12–13). Thus, as in 1 Corinthians 12, ministry is conceived as the work of the entire community, not of a specially designated class of spiritually gifted persons. The interplay of gifts in the church is designed to bring the community as a whole to full maturity, so that the church might ultimately stand unambiguously as “the body of Christ,” the complete embodiment of Christ in the world.’